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历史上引用率最高的100篇法学论文文献

发表时间:2017-01-17 09:22:33 作者:admin 阅读:87次


耶鲁大学法学院图书馆

耶鲁大学法学院图书馆管理员Fred R.Shapiro分别在1985年、1996 年和 2012 年发表了三份《历史上引用率最高的法学论文榜》的研究报告。这三份研究报告分别发表在 1985 年的《加州法律评论》、1996 年的《芝加哥肯特法学院法律评论》和 2012 年的《密歇根法律评论》。耶鲁大学法学院J. M.Balkin教授和德克萨斯大学法学院SanfordLevinson在1996年共同发表的《如何提高论文引用率和影响力》一文中指出:Fred R. Shapiro开创了一个新的研究话题,即法律引用学“legal citology”。

2012 年发布的《历史上引用率最高的法学论文榜》综合了Heinonline和SSCI数据库的统计信息,从法学期刊和其他社会科学期刊发表的 140 万篇法学论文中,根据引用率制作了若干统计表,分别包括《历史上引用率最高的100篇法学论文》、《1990-2009年各年度引用率前5名法学论文》、《1960年之前旧论文引用率排行榜》、《法学各学科引用率前 10 论文榜》等。根据《历史上引用率最高的 100 篇法学论文》,其中有 35 篇来自《哈佛法律评论》、18 篇来自《耶鲁法律评论》、10 篇来自《斯坦福法律评论》、5 篇来自《哥伦比亚法律评论》、4篇来自《密歇根法律评论》。该100篇论文的作者,有16.3人份来自哈佛大学、15.5 人份来自耶鲁大学、8.5 人份来自斯坦福大学、4.8 人份来自芝加哥大学、4 人份来自哥伦比亚大学。

引用率榜首为经济学家科斯撰写的《社会成本问题》,提出了科斯定理,其论文引用率截止作者统计时为 5157 次。其核心思想是交易成本。《新帕尔格雷夫经济学词典》中由罗伯特·D.库特对“科斯定理”的解释。他写道:
“从强调交易成本解释的角度说,科斯定理可以描述如下:只要交易成本等于零,法定权利(即产权)的初始配置并不影响效率。”

科斯是在考虑无线电广播频率时发展出科斯定理的。两家广播电台假如在同一个频段广播,便可能互相干扰,而管理者则必须将各个频段以最有效率的方式分配给不同的广播电台,从而消除电台之间的干扰。科斯的定理认为,只要对频率的产权界定清楚,那么无论频率在初始阶段如何分配,市场最终都会达到最有效率的状态。过程如下:

在两家存在争议的电台之间,从争议频段中可以获得更大利益的电台甲假如对该频段没有产权,他也有足够的诱因向另一家电台乙购买或租用该频段的使用权,因为甲为了拿到频段而愿意付出的金额必定大于乙为了放弃频段而愿意接受的金额。因此,频段的初始分配会影响到两家电台的盈亏状况,却改变不了频段达到最有效率的分配状态的必然结果。
以上的情况,只有在没有交易成本的情况下才成立,而在交易成本存在的情况下,市场参与者之间的交易中便会出现阻碍。比如在以上的例子当中,甲为了拿到频段而愿意出的金额当中,有一部分必须作为甲乙双方的交易成本(如谈判费、诉讼费等)被扣除,余下的数量或许就不足乙为了放弃频段而愿意接受的金额,甲可能就争取不到对该频段的使用权,市场就无法达到最有效率的状况。因此,在分配产权时,分配者应该尽量减低有可能出现的交易成本,使市场参与者能够进行交易,这样市场才能够达到有效率的最终状态。

根据该成果,科斯获得了 1991 年诺贝尔经济学奖。该文章具有跨学科性,是经济学和法学两个领域的重要学术成果论文,但从专业内容较多更多的属于经济学范畴。Fred R. Shapiro在解释其榜单的“法学论文”认定标准指出:
如果该论文50%以上的引用来自法学学术期刊,则认定为法学论文。科斯的该篇论文在经济学期刊中引用率仅仅为 1345 次,而在法学期刊中引用率将近4000次。

在经济学中,Robert F. Engle 和 C.W.J. Granger撰写的“Co-Integrationand Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, andTesting”,其在经济学期刊中引用率则为 3386 次。Fred R. Shapiro在研究中也总结发现:

法学论文引用各类社会科学论文较多,而其他学科引用法学论文的则明显较少,这值得法学家深思。

历史上引用率最高的 100 篇法学论文

下文列举Fred R. Shapiro在 2012 年发布的《历史上引用率最高的 100 篇法学论文》。

历史上引用率最高的100篇法学论文
1. 5157 R.H. Coase, The Problem of Social Cost, 3 J.L. & ECON. 1 (1960).
2. 3678 Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 HARV. L. REV. 193 (1890).
3. 3138 OW. Holmes, The Path of the Law, 10 HARV. L. REV. 457 (1897).
4. 2771 Gerald Gunther, The Supreme Court, 1971 Term Foreword: In Search (# Evolving Doctrine on a Changing Court: A Model fir a Newer Equal Protection, 86 HARV. L. REV. 1 (1972).
5. 2343 Herbert Wechsler, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law, 73 HARV. L. REV. 1 (1959).
6. 1980 Guido Calabresi & A. Douglas Melamed, Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral, 85 HARV. L. REV. 1089 (1972).
7. 1874 Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733 (1964).
8. 1794 Charles R. Lawrence III, The Id, the Ego, and Equal Protection: Reckoning with Unconscious Racism, 39 STAN. L. REV. 317 (1987).
9. 1701 William J. Brennan, Jr., State Constitutions and the Protection of Individual Rights, 90 HARV. L. REV. 489 (1977).
10. 1653 Robert H. Bork, Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems, 47 IND. L.J. 1 (1971).
11. 1600 Abram Chayes, The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation, 89 HARV. L. REV. 1281 (1976).
12. 1580 Frank I. Michelman, Property Utility, and Fairness: Comments on the Ethical Foundations of "Just Compensation" Law, 80 HARV. L. REV. 1165 (1967).
13. 1538 William L. Prosser, The Assault upon the Citadel (Strict Liability to the Consumer), 69 YALE L.J. 1099 (1960).
14. 1485 Duncan Kennedy, Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication, 89 HARV. L. REV. 1685 (1976).
15. 1465 Stewart Macaulay, Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study, 28 AM. Soc. REV. 55 (1963).
16. 1370 Robert M. Cover, The Supreme Court, 1982 Term Foreword: Nomos and Narrative, 97 HARV. L. REV. 4 (1983).
17. 1299 Anthony G. Amsterdam, Perspectives on the Fourth Amendment, 58 MINN. L. REV. 349 (1974).
18. 1286 Angela P Harris, Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory, 42 STAN. L. REV. 581 (1990).
19. 1236 Robert H. Mnookin & Lewis Komhauser, Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce, 88 YALE L.J. 950 (1979).
20. 1224 John Hart Ely, The Wages of Crying Wolf: A Comment on Roe v. Wade, 82 YALE L.J. 920 (1973).
21. 1195 William L. Cary, Federalism and Corporate Law: Reflections upon Delaware, 83 YALE L.J. 663 (1974).
22. 1167 Owen M. Fiss, Against Settlement, 93 YALE L.J. 1073 (1984).
23. 1065 H.L.A. Hart, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, 71 HARV. L. REV. 593 (1958).
24. 1034 Paul Brest, The Misconceived Quest for the Original Understanding, 60 B.U. L. REV. 204 (1980).
25. 1024 Frank I. Michelman, The Supreme Court, 1968 Term-Foreword: On Protecting the Poor through the Fourteenth Amendment, 83 HARV. L. REV. 7 (1969).
26. 1023 Lon L. Fuller, The Forms and Limits of Adjudication, 92 HARV. L. REV. 353 (1978).
27. 1017 Owen M. Fiss, The Supreme Court, 1978 Term Foreword: The Forms of Justice, 93 HARV. L. REV. 1 (1979).
28. 988 Herbert Wechsler, The Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Role of the States in the Composition and Selection of the National Government, 54 COLUM. L. REV. 543 (1954).
29. 978 Henry G. Manne, Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control, 73 J. POL. ECON. 110 (1965).
30. 976 William L. Prosser, The Fall of the Citadel (Strict Liability to the Consumer), 50 MINN. L. REV. 791 (1966).
31. 975 Joseph L. Sax, Takings and the Police Power, 74 YALE L.J. 36 (1964).
32. 948 Kimberle Williams Crenshaw, Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimiation Law, 101 HARV. L. REV. 1331 (1988).
33. 947 Mari J. Matsuda, Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim's Story, 87 MICH. L. REV. 2320 (1989).
34. 942 Frank H. Easterbrook & Daniel R. Fischel, The Proper Role of a Target's Management in Responding to a Tender Offer, 94 HARV. L. REV. 1161 (1981).
35. 932 William W. Van Alstyne, The Demise of the Right-Privilege Distinction in Constitutional Law, 81 HARV. L. REV. 1439 (1968).
36. 931 Antonin Scalia, The Rule of law as a Law ?, 56 U. CHI. L. REV. 1175 (1989).
37. 906 Marc Galanter, Why the "Haves" Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits (f Legal Change, 9 LAW & SOC'Y REV. 95 (1974).
38. 905 Henry M. Hart, Jr., The Power of Congress to Limit the Jurisdiction of Federal Courts: An Exercise in Dialectic, 66 HARV. L. REV. 1362 (1953).
39. 900 Felix S. Cohen, Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach, 35 COLUM. L. REV. 809 (1935).
40. 895 Alexander Meiklelohn, The First Amendment Is an Absolute, 1961 SUP. CT. REV. 245 (1961).
41. 891 Thomas 1. Emerson, Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment, 72 YALE L.J. 877 (1963).
42. 890 Margaret Jane Radin, Market-Inalienability, 100 HARV. L. REV. 1849 (1987).
43. 882 Karl N. Llewellyn, Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules or Canons about How Statutes Are to Be Construed, 3 VAND. L. REV. 395 (1950).
44. 872 Kimberle Crenshaw, Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women (f Color, 43 STAN. L. REV. 1241 (1991).
45. 869 WilliamL. Prosser, Privacy, 48 CALIF. L. REV. 383 (1960).
46. 856 Joseph L. Sax, The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resource Law: Effective (tie) Judicial Intervention, 68 MICH. L. REV. 471 (1970).
47. 856 Cass R. Sunstein, Interest Groups in American Public Law, 38 STAN. L. REV. 29 (tie) (1985).
48. 838 Henry J. Friendly, "Some Kind a f Hearing", 123 U. PA. L. REV. 1267 (1975).
49. 831 L.L. Fuller & William R. Perdue, Jr., The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages, 46 YALE L.J. 52 (1936).
50. 820 Wesley N. Hohfeld, Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning, 23 YALE L.J. 16 (1913).
51. 819 Friedrich Kessler, Contracts of Adhesion Some Thoughts about Freedom of Contract, 43 COLUM. L. REV. 629 (1943).
52. 816 Richard B. Stewart, The Reformation of American Administrative Law, 88 HARV. L. REV. 1667 (1975).
53. 814 Felix Frankfurter, Some Reflections on the Reading of Statutes, 47 COLUM. L. REV. (tie) 527 (1947).
54. 814 Lon L. Fuller, Positivism and Fidelity to Law-A Reply to Professor Hart, 71 (tie) HARV. L. REV. 630 (1958).
55. 812 Thomas C. Grey, Do We Have an Unwritten Constitution?, 27 STAN. L. REV. 703 (1975).
56. 798 James B. Thayer, The Origin and Scope 0f the American Doctrine 01 Constitutional Law, 7 HARV. L. REV. 129 (1893).
57. 783 Christine Jolls, Cass R. Sunstein & Richard Thaler, A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics, 50 STAN. L. REV. 1471 (1998).
58. 782 Anthony G. Amsterdam, Note, The Void-jbr-Vagueness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, 109 U. PA. L. REV. 67 (1960).
59. 778 Frank Michelman, Law's Republic, 97 YALE L.J. 1493 (1988).
60. 775 Margaret Jane Radin, Property and Personhood, 34 STAN. L. REV. 957 (1982).
61. 774 George L. Priest & Benjamin Klein, The Selection of Dispute for Litigation, 13 J. LEGAL STUD. 1 (1984).
62. 771 Frances E. Olsen, The Family and the Market: A Study #'Ideology and Legal Reform, 96 HARV. L. REV. 1497 (1983).
63. 766 Ian Ayres & Robert Gertner, Filling Gaps in Incomplete Contracts: An Economic Theory o1'Default Rules, 99 YALE L.J. 87 (1989).
64. 765 Richard A. Posner, Theories of Economic Regulation, 5 BELL J. ECON. & MGMT. Sc. 335 (1974).
65. 752 John Rawls, Two Concepts of Rules, 64 PHIL. REV. 3 (1955).
66. 749 John W. Wade, On the Nature of Strict Tort Liability for Products, 44 Miss. L.J. 825 (1973).
67. 744 Cass R. Sunstein, Beyond the Republican Revival, 97 YALE L.J. 1539 (1988).
68. 743 Richard Delgado, Storytelling for Oppositionists and Others: A Plea for Narrative, 87 MICH. L. REV. 2411 (1989).
69. 739 Guido Calabresi, Some Thoughts on Risk Distribution and the Law of Torts, 70 YALE L.J. 499 (1961).
70. 734 Arthur Allen Leff, Unconscionability and the Code The Emperor's New Clause, 115 U. PA. L. REV. 485 (1967).
71. 732 H. Jefferson Powell, The Original Under standing of Original Intent, 98 HARV. L. REV. 885 (1985).
72. 729 Owen M. Fiss, Groups and the Equal Protection Clause, 5 PHIL. & PUB. AFF. 107 (1976).
73. 728 Philip Areeda & Donald F. Turner, Predatory Pricing and Related Practices Under Section 2 of the Sherman Act, 88 HARV. L. REV. 697 (1975).
74. 726 Ronald J. Gilson & Reinier H. Kraakmnan, The Mechanisms of Market Efficiency, 70 VA. L. REV. 549 (1984).
75. 722 William N. Eskridge, Jr., The New Textualism, 37 UCLA L. REV. 621 (1990).
76. 718 Marc Galanter, Reading the Landscape of Disputes: What We Know and Don't Know (And Think We Know) About Our Allegedly Contentious and Litigious Society, 31 UCLA L. REV. 4 (1983).
77. 717 Henry J. Friendly, In Praise of Erie-and of the New Federal Common Law, 39 N.YU. L. REV. 383 (1964).
78. 715 Charles Fairman, Does the Fourteenth Amendment Incorporate the Bill of Rights? The Original Understanding, 2 STAN. L. REV. 5 (1949).
79. 714 Mark V. Tushnet, Following the Rules Laid Down: A Critique of lnterpretivism and Neutral Principles, 96 HARV. L. REV. 781 (1983).
80. 708 Frank I. Michelman, The Supreme Court, 1985 Term-Foreword: Traces of Self' (tie) Government, 100 HARV. L. REV. 4 (1986).
81. 708 Henry P. Monaghan, The Supreme Court, 1974 Term Foreword: Constitutional (tie) Common Law, 89 HARV. L. REV. 1 (1975).
82. 700 John Hart Ely, Legislative and Administrative Motivation in Constitutional Law, 79 YALE L.J. 1205 (1970).
83. 696 Paul Brest, The Supreme Court, 1975 Term-Foreword: In Defense of the Antidiscrimination Principle, 90 HARV. L. REV. I (1976).
84. 688 Laurence H. Tribe, Trial by Mathematics: Precision and Ritual in the Legal Process, 84 HARV. L. REV. 1329 (1971).
85. 685 Henry B. Hansmann, The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise, 89 YALE L.J. 835 (1980).
86. 684 Harry T. Edwards, The Growing Disjunction between Legal Education and the Legal Pr tession, 91 MICH. L. REV. 34 (1992).
87. 680 Neil Gotanda, A Critique of “Our Constitution Is Color-Blind", 44 STAN. L. REV. 1 (1991).
88. 678 Martha Minow, The Supreme Court, 1986 Term Foreword: Justice Engendered, 101 HARV. L. REV. 10 (1987).
89. 673 Alan David Freeman, Legitimizing Racial Discrimination through Antidiscrimination Law: A Critical Review of Supreme Court Doctrine, 62 MINN. L. REV. 1049 (1978).
90. 671 Ian R. Macneil, Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical, Neoclassical, and Relational Contract Law, 72 Nw. U. L. REV. 854 (1978).
91. 667 Lawrence Gene Sager, Fair Measure: The Legal Status of Underenforced Constitutional Norms, 91 HARV. L. REV. 1212 (1978).
92. 666 Henry M. Hart, Jr., The Supreme Court, 1958 Term Foreword: The Time Chart 01 the Justices, 73 HARV. L. REV. 84 (1959).
93. 663 Edwin M. Borchard, Government Liability in Tort, 34 YALE L.J. 1 (1924). (tie)
94. 663 Catharine A. MacKinnon, Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward (tie) Feminist Jurisprudence, 8 SIGNS 635 (1983).
95. 656 Charles L. Black, Jr., The Supreme Court, 1966 Term-Foreword: "State Action," (tie) Equal Protection, and Caliji)rnia's Proposition 14, 81 HARV. L. REV. 69 (1967).
96. 656 Jonathan R. Macey, Promoting Public-Regarding Legislation through Statutory (tie) Interpretation: An Interest Group Model, 86 COLUM. L. REV. 223 (1986).
97. 655 Mari J. Matsuda, Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 323 (1987).
98. 653 Akhil Reed Amar, Of Sovereignty and Federalism, 96 YALE LJ. 1425 (1987).
99. 649 Paul M. Bator, Finality in Criminal Law and Federal Habeas Corpus for State Prisoners, 76 HARV. L. REV. 441 (1963).
100. 646 Owen M. Fiss, Objectivity and Interpretation, 34 STAN. L. REV. 739 (1982).


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