Essay写作中如何Respond别人的观点(附句型模板)
发表时间:2018-01-02 09:56:46 作者:zhouzhengmao 阅读:155次
要注意,文学课上的 essay,有的时候老师并不要求你去读 secondary sources (即其他学者对某小说的解读),这个时候其实就用不到去 respond,而是自己去分析小说(即自己的解读。自己的解读其实就是一种 argument)。但是越是高年级的作文,就越需要读 secondary sources,所以这边讲的道理,以后肯定会用到。
1、反对—要解释为什么
谈到批判性思维(Critical Thinking)的时候,大家都会想到“反对”,反对的确是体现批判性思维的方法,但是提出反对的同时,也要解释反对的理由。相信大家不免会遇到这类essay作业,可以回顾一下《关于Critical Thinking essay你想过这些问题吗?》那怎么反对的?大家要首先了解下议论文的三要素(观点 Claim、前提假设 Assumption、和证据 Evidence),大家可以去攻击对方观点的前提假设是有问题的,或者说证据是有问题的,或者可以去说对方的逻辑是有问题的。现在来介绍一些常见的模板:
X is mistaken because she overlooks recent fossil discoveries in the South.
X's claim that rests upon the questionable assumption that .
I disagree with X's view that , because, as recent research has shown, .
X contradicts herself/cannot have it both ways. On the one hand, she argues . On the other hand, she also says .
By focusing on , X overlooks the deeper problem of .
2、同意—但是要有所不同
同意的时候,要尽可能多的加入新的见解,而不是单纯炒冷饭。比如说,你可以找到一些新的证据或者新的论证方法来支持 X 的观点。如果 X 的观点非常难理解,你可以用自己的话解释一遍。一些常见的模板如下:
I agree that diversity in the student body is educationally valuable because my experience at Central University confirms it.
X is surely right about because, as she may not be aware, recent studies have shown that .
X's theory of is extremely useful because it sheds light on the difficult problem of .
Those unfamiliar with this school of thought may be interested to know that it basically boils down to .
当你同意一个观点的时候,不可避免会讲到反面的观点,这个时候,可以用如下的模板:
I agree that , a point that needs emphasizing since so many people still believe .
If group X is right that , as I think they are, then we need to reassess the popular assumption that .
3、同意和不同意相结合
这种回应的方式比较友好,读者可能更容易去接受。根据具体的情况,有两种回应方式,一种是:Yes, but (强调反对点), 另外一种是, no, but(强调同意点),模板如下:
Although I agree with X up to a point, I cannot accept his overriding assumption that religion is no longer a major force today.
Although I disagree with much that X says, I fully endorse his final conclusion that .
这里meeloun还为大家提供了其他的一些常见的模板以供大家在新学期essay写作中使用:
Though I concede that , I still insist that .
X is right that , but she seems on more dubious ground when she claims that .
While X is probably wrong when she claims that , she is right that .
Whereas X provides ample evidence that , Y and Z's research on and convinces me that instead.
上面的三种Respond方式,无论哪一种,都必须要非常清楚地告知读者你的立场。相信这三种respond方式大家在essay写作中肯定会用得到。
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